Explore learning programmes and tests across fifteen countries. Read published elements, compare pathways and search the official evidence in one place.
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Assessment: Ongoing element assessment in program; Balance, Control and Agility
Passing: Each element must meet its description and requirement; stage completion follows program progress system
Where: normal club/skating-school session
FORWARD SCULLING
Stage 2 · Learn-to-skate
Read standards, choices and source
Technical standard: • Perform a minimum of 6 consecutive sculls
Quality standard: From forward skating or a stationary position, the skater bends their knees/ankles and bring their heels together. Toes face outward while pressure is applied downward initiating a forward motion as the feet move outward. The feet glide outwards to create lobes/ curves. At a maximum, the lobes of the sculls are slightly wider than the shoulder width of the skater. Maintaining the forward momentum, the knees/ankles rise as the skaters pulls their toes together to close the scull and repeat the action. Emphasis should be placed on “down/up/down/up” rhythm.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 2
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Perform on each foot • Perform each glide for a minimum of 1 second
Quality standard: From forward skating, the skater initiates a glide on two feet for a minimum of one second and then transfers their weight to one foot and continues to maintain the glide for a minimum of one second. The glide may be performed on a straight line or curve. This skill must be performed on both feet. Example: Forward skating, two-foot glide into at right forward glide, forward skating, two-foot glide into a left forward glide. Ideally, the free foot should be held close to the skating leg for increased balance.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 2
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Perform the skill across the width of the ice • Perform with a minimum of 50% blade pushes
Quality standard: The skater advances forward unassisted using a consecutive push/ glide sequence (L/R/L/R/L/R). Skaters must demonstrate pushing with the side of the blade. Emphasis should be placed on even strides to encourage rhythm. Two-foot glides between the pushes are acceptable and expected at this level. One sequence is complete when the skater performs a push/glide on each foot.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 3
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Perform the glide for a minimum of 2 seconds on skater’s choice of foot
Quality standard: From forward skating, the skater gains as much speed as they can and initiate a glide on one foot. This skill must be trained on both feet. The glide may be performed on a straight line or curve. Ideally, the free foot should be held close to the skating leg for increased balance.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 3
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Complete 1 full stop of choice • Must make snow during the stopping
Quality standard: From forwards skating, the skater performs a forward two-foot glide, bends their knees/ankles, and uses the right, left or both feet to apply pressure to the ice in a forward and outward motion, while turning the toe(s) inward slightly. Stopping with the left, right and both feet must be trained.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 9
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Perform the glide for a minimum 1 second • Demonstrate a sit position within a 135°-90° angle range
Quality standard: From backward skating, the skater initiates a glide on two feet and moves into a sit position. The upper body leans forward, and the knees/ankles bend to lower the upper leg to a 135°-90° angle to introduce the “sit” position.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 9
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Quality standard: From backward skating, the skater initiates a glide on two feet and then transfers their weight to one foot and continues the glide. The glide may be performed on a straight line or curve. As this is an introduction skill, the glides are expected to be initiated and not sustained. This skill must be performed on both feet. Example: Backward skating, two-foot glide into at right backward glide, backward skating, two-foot glide into a left backward glide. Ideally, the free foot should be held close to the skating leg for increased balance.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 10
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Perform the skill for approx. 13 metres (1/2 of the width of the ice)
Quality standard: The skater skates backward using a push/glide sequence (L/R/L/R/ L/R) consisting of c-pushes to perform backward skating. The skater may keep both feet on the ice or lift off one foot from time to time. One-foot or two-foot glides between pushes is acceptable and expected. Arms may be used freely to increase coordination and rhythm.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 10
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Perform a turn in each direction
Quality standard: From forward skating, the skater initiates a two-foot glide (feet hip- width apart or narrower), bends their knees/ankles and rotates their upper body and torso towards the inside of the curve or direction of turn desired. The knees/ankles rise, and the skater’s weight moves towards the front of the blades as the hips and feet rotate 180° in same direction as upper body rotation. The skater exits the turn on a backward two-foot glide. The exit glide does not need to be sustained at this level. Emphasis is placed on “down/ up/down” knee action (unweighting). This skill must be performed in both directions, clockwise and counterclockwise. It is preferred to perform this skill on a curve; however, a straight line is acceptable.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 15
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Perform a turn in each direction
Quality standard: From backward skating the skater initiates a two-foot glide (feet hip-width apart or narrower), bends their knees/ankles and rotates their upper body and torso towards the outside of the curve or direction of turn desired. The knees/ankles rise, and the skater’s weight moves towards the back of the blades as the hips and feet rotate 180° in same direction as upper body rotation. The skater exits the turn on a forward two-foot glide. The exit glide does not need to be sustained at this level. Emphasis is placed on “down/ up/down” knee action (unweighting). This skill must be performed in both directions, clockwise and counterclockwise. It is preferred to perform this skill on a curve; however, a straight line is acceptable.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 15
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Technical standard: • Perform a glide turn in each direction (clockwise and counter- clockwise)
Quality standard: From forward skating, the skater initiates a glide on two feet, bends their knees/ankles and leans into the curve to create a 180° U-turn. The skater exits with forward skating once the full 180° turn is complete. This skill must be performed in both directions, clockwise and counterclockwise.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 15
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
Quality standard: From forward skating, the skater initiates a glide on two feet, bends their knees/ankles and applies pressure downward. The skater then pushes off the ice, using their arms, knees/ankles in an explosive manner so that both feet leave the ice. The skater lands on two feet and returns to the start position/glide with bent knees for a sustained glide. The skater must demonstrate a controlled glide both in and out of the jump. Emphasis is placed on the “bend, up, bend” knee and ankle action.
Publication period
2021-04; current-linked 2026-09-04
Translation
Not applicable
Source location
p. 16
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Skate CanadaCanSkate Element Descriptions and Requirements
