SKATING TODAYA source-backed collection of skaters connected to the names, origins and development of skating elements. Only relationships supported by reviewed sources appear here.
A forward-takeoff edge jump with an extra half rotation compared with jumps described by the same revolution count.
Official championship history records Paulsen performing the jump in 1882.
Axel Paulsen1882The Axel is named after Norwegian skater Axel Paulsen.
Axel Paulsen1882An edge jump taking off and landing on the same backward outside edge; Rittberger remains a recognized alternate name.
Official skating references retain Rittberger as an alternate name for the loop.
Werner RittbergerEarly twentieth centuryThe ISU says the jump is believed to have been created by Werner Rittberger.
Werner RittbergerEarly twentieth centuryA toe-assisted jump taking off from a backward outside edge and rotating against the direction of that edge.
The ISU records Alois Lutz performing the jump in 1913.
Alois Lutz1913The jump is named after Austrian skater Alois Lutz.
Alois Lutz1913An edge jump taking off from a backward inside edge and landing on the backward outside edge of the opposite foot.
The ISU credits Ulrich Salchow with inventing the jump in 1909.
Ulrich Salchow1909The jump carries Ulrich Salchow's name.
Ulrich Salchow1909A catch-foot spin position in which the free skate is drawn above and behind the head.
The spin bears Denise Biellmann's name.
Denise BiellmannLate 1970s to early 1980sFederation and contemporary usage tie the position's international recognition to Denise Biellmann.
Denise BiellmannLate 1970s to early 1980sA Biellmann spin variation performed on both feet with a change of foot.
The official ISU biography credits Irina Slutskaya with inventing the double Biellmann spin with a foot change.
Irina Slutskaya1990sA flying entrance into a camel spin position.
The same spin was also called the Button Camel.
Dick ButtonLate 1940sThe ISU identifies Dick Button as inventor of the flying camel spin.
Dick ButtonLate 1940sA camel-spin variation that rolls through into a sit-spin position.
The variation is known as the Hamill camel.
Dorothy HamillBy 1970U.S. Figure Skating credits Dorothy Hamill with developing the variation.
Dorothy HamillBy 1970A spin performed with the skating leg deeply bent and the body held in a seated position.
U.S. Figure Skating's historical record credits Jackson Haines with inventing the sit spin.
Jackson HainesNineteenth centuryA spiral variation with the torso folded toward the skating leg and the free leg extended high behind.
U.S. Figure Skating's archive identifies Charlotte Oelschlägel as the creator of the spiral.
Charlotte OelschlägelEarly twentieth centuryThe spiral is named for Charlotte Oelschlägel.
Charlotte OelschlägelEarly twentieth centuryA family of very low, deeply edged gliding positions close to the ice.
Skate Canada records hydroblading as a signature technique of Shae-Lynn Bourne and Victor Kraatz that influenced other skaters.
Victor Kraatz1990sSkate Canada records hydroblading as a signature technique of Shae-Lynn Bourne and Victor Kraatz that influenced other skaters.
Shae-Lynn Bourne1990sA two-foot gliding position with the blades on parallel, opposing curves and one knee typically bent.
A high-leg outside spiral with one hand supporting the knee of the free leg.
The official U.S. Figure Skating handbook says the position is named after Nancy Kerrigan.
Nancy Kerrigan1990sA Lutz variation performed with one arm extended overhead.
Contemporary U.S. Figure Skating reporting records the variation as the Tano, derived from Brian Boitano's name.
Brian Boitano1980sThe one-arm-overhead Lutz was documented as a distinctive part of Brian Boitano's competitive skating.
Brian Boitano1980sA Lutz variation performed with both arms extended overhead.
U.S. Figure Skating reporting uses Rippon Lutz for Adam Rippon's both-arms-overhead variation.
Adam Rippon2000s to 2010sThe federation archive describes the both-arms-overhead Lutz as Adam Rippon's trademark.
Adam Rippon2000s to 2010s